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Chapter2 6 ½ –

Playing with Numbers

Addition Multiplication

Addition of two or more numbers give us the There are two terms which describe the three
another numbers which is called the sum. The number in an multiplication problem. The
numbers which we added are called addends. factors are the numbers that are being
Let us have an example;
multiplied together. The product is the result
34345 + 12670 = 47015
or answer of multiplying the multiplicand by
here 34345 and 12670 are addends and 47015 the multiplier.
is the sum.
A multiplication problem may be written
Addition of big and small numbers are added
in same way. horizontally such as 6532 ´ 7 = 45724. In this
example 6532 and 7 are the factors and 45724
Addition by Grouping is the product of the multiplication
When we add three number; we add any two A multiplication problem may be written
and then the sum is added to third number. In vertically as:
this method we can take two numbers first. 6532
For more than three numbers, we can ´ 7
similarly group any two of the given numbers 45724
in several ways. To add 42561, 13554 and
22709, we can find the sum in any of following The factors are 6532 and 7 and the product of
the multiplication is 45724.
ways:
+
)
v (42561 13554 + 22709 Note: Remember that 1 is always a factors of any
num ber.
= 56115 + 22709
= 78824 Let us take another example;
v 42561 + ( 13554 + 22709) 855 ´ 73 = 62415.
=42561 36263 =78824 Here 62415 is the product and 855 and 73 are
+
the factors. Large number are multiplied in
So we can see the answer here in both ways are
same way as the small numbers.
same.
Multiplication using zeros
Subtraction
Any number multiplied by 0 is 0.
Subtraction is the term used to describe taking
eg. 200 ´ 0 = 0
away one or more numbers from another.
Subtraction is also commonly used to find the Any number multiplied by 1 stays the same.
difference between two numbers. Subtraction eg. 200 1 200´ =
is the opposite to addition. If we need to find 40 ´ 5. We thought of 4 ´ 50
Take an example; 40000 - 37429 = 2571 as finding 4 ´ 5 and adding a zero. So then
Here, 2571 is difference of 40000 and 37429 4 ´ 5 = 200.
Large numbers are subtracted in same way as
Division
the small numbers.
In division we will see the relationship
40000 is minued and 37429 is subtrahend.
between the dividend, divisor, quotient and

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Mathematics In Focus - 6